Prevention of drought and disease during the development of garlic bolts

The development period of garlic bolting is the reproductive growth period of garlic, which mainly includes the flower bud differentiation period and the elongation period of garlic bolting. Flower bud differentiation is a key period for the growth and development of garlic, and smooth differentiation is conducive to the increase of yield. The extension period of garlic bolts refers to the period from the beginning of the elongation of garlic bolts to the flick of the tail of garlic bolts, about 30 days. The temperature of flower bud differentiation in the development period of garlic bolting is lower than 10 ℃, and the suitable temperature is 12 ℃-18 ℃ in the elongation period of garlic bolts. When the temperature is too low, the elongation of garlic bolts is slow, which affects the yield; if the temperature is too high, the garlic bolts elongate faster, the fiber content is more, and the quality becomes worse. Garlic is a light-loving vegetable. It needs 15 ℃-19 ℃ temperature and more than 13 hours of sunshine every day before bolting to promote bolting and flowering. The plant growth in the garlic bolting period is the most exuberant, and the water demand is more, requiring the soil relative humidity 70% Murray 80%, and 60% Mutual 70% near the bolting stage, which is more suitable for bolting. In the middle of April, the average temperature of the whole province is 14.5 ℃, which is 0.8 ℃ higher than that of the normal year. The average precipitation in the province is 8.6 mm, which is more than 10% less than that of the usual year. In most areas, light and temperature are suitable and soil moisture is suitable, which is beneficial to the elongation of garlic bolts. According to the current meteorological conditions, the following measures should be taken in production:

1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management in the field. During the extension period of garlic bolting, the plant growth is exuberant, and the need for fertilizer and water is significantly increased. Field management should be big fertilizer, water, bolting fast growth. Generally 5-6 days a water, two water should be applied one fertilizer. Potassium sulfate or compound fertilizer and dried faeces after ripening are the main fertilizers. The time of the last application of chemical fertilizer should be more than 30 days from the bolting period. Stop watering 3-4 days before bolting to make the plant wilt slightly to avoid brittle and fragile garlic bolts.

two。 Pick bolts in time. If the bolting is picked too early, the garlic bolting is short, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the nutrition is consumed, which affects the expansion of garlic. Bolting should be picked in time during bolting, white bud or yellow flinging, and attention should be paid to protecting leaves to ensure photosynthetic capacity in the later stage and increase the yield of garlic.

3. Garlic cultivated with plastic film mulching or arched shed should be watered frequently according to seedling and soil moisture during the elongation period of garlic bolting to keep the field moist. Before and after the budding, the plastic film can be removed and the weeds in the field can be removed thoroughly. Stop irrigation 3-5 days before bolting to facilitate bolting. Topdressing and watering should be done immediately after bolting to prevent premature senescence and promote the expansion of garlic.

4. For the fields with excessive humidity in the field, attention should be paid to timely drainage to prevent damage to leaves and garlic bolts caused by diseases such as leaf blight. At the same time, attention should be paid not to partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, but to increase the application of complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to cultivate strong plants and enhance plant resistance.