Minister of Agriculture: long-term overdraft of agricultural resources, over-development, idle all over the world.

Chinanews.com, Sept. 14-the latest issue of the Learning Times published Han Changfu, secretary of the party leading group and minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, answering reporters' questions about unswervingly promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Han Changfu pointed out that while China's agriculture has made great achievements, it has paid a large price: on the one hand, agricultural resources have been overdrawn and overdeveloped for a long time, the multiple cropping index is high, there is no wasteland in the four seas, and the strings of resource utilization are getting tighter and tighter; on the other hand, agricultural non-point source pollution is increasing, agro-ecosystem is degraded, and the carrying capacity of the ecological environment is getting closer and closer to the limit.

The full text of the questions is as follows:

China has reached the historical stage of accelerating the sustainable development of agriculture.

Reporter: Hello, Minister Han. Everyone is very concerned about the sustainable development of agriculture after the realization of the "eleventh consecutive increase" in grain production in China. What do you think of the current development stage of agricultural production?

Han Changfu: since the new century, the construction of modern agriculture in China has been accelerated, and the development of agricultural and rural economy has entered the best historical period, and now it has reached the historical stage of accelerating the sustainable development of agriculture. The reason for saying this is mainly based on two points.

Agriculture has increased production and income year after year, and the level of agricultural productivity has reached a new level. We have the conditions and ability to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Grain production achieved "11 consecutive increases", breaking the cycle of "two abundant, one flat and one apology" that lasted for many years. In 2014, the total grain output reached 1.2142 trillion jin, which has been stable at more than 1.2 trillion jin for two years in a row. Other important agricultural products also have a bumper harvest, adequate supply and stable prices. At the same time, agricultural infrastructure, scientific and technological equipment, disaster resistance and the quality of farmers all made great progress. in 2014, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress reached 56 percent, and major crops, especially improved varieties of grain crops, were basically fully covered. the level of comprehensive mechanization of farming and harvest reached 61%, and the effective irrigated area of farmland reached 52%. China's agricultural development has shifted from mainly relying on increasing the input of resource elements to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, and the mode of agricultural production has changed from human and animal power to mechanical operation for thousands of years, which is a remarkable historical achievement. At present, the development of agricultural and rural economy in China stands at a new historical starting point, which provides a material basis, strategic space and important opportunities for accelerating the sustainable development of agriculture.

The accumulation of challenges and contradictions facing agricultural development forces agriculture to change the mode of development and take the road of sustainable development. China has a large population and little water shortage, and its per capita arable land and freshwater resources account for only 1% and 4% of the world average, respectively. China uses 10% of the world's cultivated land and about 6% of the world's fresh water resources to feed 20% of the world's population. Of course, while China's agriculture has made great achievements, it has also paid a lot of substitute prices. On the one hand, agricultural resources are overdrawn and overexploited for a long time, the multiple cropping index is high, there is no wasteland in the four seas, and the strings of resource utilization are getting tighter and tighter; on the other hand, agricultural non-point source pollution is aggravated and agro-ecosystem is degraded. The carrying capacity of the ecological environment is getting closer and closer to the limit. Agricultural development is facing the "two hoops" of resource conditions and ecological environment, so it is urgent and urgent to speed up the transformation of the mode of development and achieve sustainable development.

Reporter: in your opinion, the key to achieving sustainable development in agriculture is what kind of goal should be achieved?

Han Changfu: at the Central Economic work Conference at the end of last year, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to unswervingly change the mode of agricultural development and take the road of modern agricultural development with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation, and environment-friendly. At the Central Rural work Conference, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that it is necessary to promote the construction of modern agriculture that is resource-saving and environmentally friendly. Recently, with the consent of the State Council, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight departments jointly issued the National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030), which is a programmatic document to guide the sustainable development of agriculture in the future. Promoting the sustainable development of agriculture is a systematic project, and the goal is to achieve the "three sustainability".

National food security is sustainable. This is not only the primary goal of agricultural sustainable development, but also the primary task of modern agricultural construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that solving the problem of food is always a top priority in the administration of the country, and as long as there are no major food problems, China's affairs will be stable. To achieve sustainable food security, it is necessary to steadily improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and anti-risk ability, consolidate grain production capacity at the level of 1.2 trillion jin, production does not rise and fall greatly, and the relationship between supply and demand is basically balanced. In particular, it is necessary to ensure "basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute safety of food rations." Rice white noodles are mainly on their own, and the rice bowls of 1.3 billion Chinese people are firmly in their own hands. Maintain the stability and sustainability of grain production and ensure the sustainability of food supply.

The increase of farmers' income is sustainable. This is not only the central task of agricultural and rural economic work, but also the fundamental task of being well-off in an all-round way in rural areas. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that whether he is well-off or not depends on his fellow villagers. To build a well-off society in an all-round way, the foundation lies in agriculture, the difficulty lies in rural areas, and the key lies in farmers, especially those in poor areas. At present, "farming land and raising livestock" is still a basic channel for farmers to increase their employment and income. the problem now is that agricultural efficiency is not high and farming does not earn money. This requires us to vigorously develop high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture, constantly improve the efficiency of agricultural production and operation, make agriculture a promising industry, and speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for sustained increase in farmers' income. it is guaranteed that the per capita income of farmers will double that of 2010 by 2020, and the growth rate during the 13th five-year Plan period will continue to be higher than that of GDP and urban residents' income, so that the broad masses of farmers will be well-off in an all-round way.

Resources and environment are sustainable. This is the direction of the development of modern agriculture, and it is also a prominent problem to be solved at present. In order to alleviate the overstretched pressure on resources and improve the polluted agricultural ecological environment, the fundamental way out is to promote the sustainable development of agriculture, that is, by changing the mode of agricultural development. we should speed up the development of resource-saving, environment-friendly and ecological conservation agriculture, attach equal importance to "utilization" and "protection and management", promote efficient utilization of resources, good environment in producing areas, and stable ecosystem. Leave fertile land, green water and green mountains for future generations.

At present, the outstanding problem of cultivated land protection is the decrease of quantity and quality.

Reporter: the protection of cultivated land has always been an issue of social concern, and it is also a key issue that affects and restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Could you please tell us something about this?

Han Changfu: at present, the outstanding problem of cultivated land protection in China is the decline in quantity and quality. In terms of quantity. From 1996 to 2011, there was a net decrease of 125 million mu of cultivated land, mostly near land and good land around the city. After the implementation of the occupation-compensation balance, the decline of the absolute quantity of cultivated land has been curbed to a certain extent, but the problems of occupying near land to make up far land, occupying good land to make up inferior land, and occupying water land to replenish dry land are more prominent, and the quality of supplementary cultivated land and occupied cultivated land is generally less than 2%. The area of cultivated land in the second national land survey is 2.03 billion mu. Moreover, according to the evaluation of the land department, there are still 150 million mu of unstable arable land or inferior land, which will be gradually withdrawn in the future. Therefore, we must not shake the red line of cultivated land. In terms of quality. At the end of last year, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a national bulletin on the quality of cultivated land, which accounted for 27.3% of the total area. At present, the middle-and low-yield fields in the country account for about 2. 3%, and a large number of them still depend on heaven for food. The problem of cultivated land degradation is also prominent, and the trend of black soil degradation in Northeast China should be paid attention to.

General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that the protection of cultivated land should be done like cultural relics, or even like giant pandas. Because a large population and little land is the basic national condition of our country. The key to ensuring the quantity of cultivated land is to pay close attention to the delineation of permanent basic farmland, strictly control the scale of construction land, and achieve the "two places" of supplementary quantity and quality in the balance between the occupation and compensation of cultivated land. To improve the quality of cultivated land, we should pay attention to both software and hardware. In terms of hardware, we will increase the construction of high-standard farmland, and the state plans to build 800 million mu; in terms of software, we will promote the implementation of actions to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land to achieve "storing grain in the land" and "storing grain in technology".